When Bobby Jones retired
from tournament golf in 1930, he and Clifford Roberts started looking
for a site to build a club. They found 365 acres in Augusta, Ga., on the
former site of Fruitland Nurseries, which had ceased operations in
1918, but many flowering plants and trees remained.
Construction began in 1931,
and the course formally opened in 1933. The course began hosting an
annual tournament in 1934, the Augusta National Invitation Tournament,
which became the Masters in 1939.
The greens at the Masters
were traditionally Bermuda grass. In 1981, they were reconstructed with
bent grass, resulting in a significantly faster surface, requiring a
reduction in the contours of the greens.
Amen Corner:
The second shot at the 11th, all of the 12th, and the tee shot at the
13th hole at Augusta were termed "Amen Corner" by author Herbert Warren
Wind in a 1958 Sports Illustrated article. Searching for a name for the
location where critical action had taken place that year, he borrowed
the name from an old jazz recording "Shouting at Amen Corner".
In 1958 Arnold Palmer
outlasted Ken Venturi for the Green Jacket with heroic escapes at Amen
Corner. Amen Corner also played host to prior Masters moments like Byron
Nelson's birdie-eagle at 12 and 13 in 1937, and Sam Snead's water save
at 12 in 1949 that sparked him to victory.
The Big Oak Tree: is on the golf course side of the clubhouse and is approximately 145–150 years old. The tree was planted in the 1850s.
Eisenhower Tree:
Also known as the "Eisenhower Pine", is a loblolly pine located on the
17th hole, approximately 210 yards from the Master's tee. President
Dwight D. Eisenhower, an Augusta National member, hit the tree so many
times that, at a 1956 club meeting, he proposed that it be cut down. Not
wanting to offend the President, the club's chairman, Clifford Roberts,
immediately adjourned the meeting rather than reject the request
outright.
Ike's Pond: During
a visit to Augusta National, then General Eisenhower returned from a
walk through the woods on the eastern part of the grounds, and informed
Clifford Roberts that he had found a perfect place to build a dam if the
Club would like a fish pond. Ike's Pond was built and named, and the
dam is located just where Eisenhower said it should be.
Rae's Creek:
Rae's Creek cuts across the southeastern corner of the Augusta National
property. It flows along the back of the 11th green, in front of the
12th green, and ahead of the 13th tee. This is the lowest point in
elevation of the course. The Hogan and Nelson Bridges cross the creek
after the 12th and 13th tee boxes, respectively. The creek was named
after former property owner John Rae, who died in 1789.
Crow's Nest: Available
for amateurs wishing to be housed there during the Masters Tournament,
the Crow's Nest provides living space for up to five individuals. Rising
from the approximately 30 by 40-foot room is the clubhouse's 11-foot
(3.4 m) square cupola. The cupola features windows on all sides and can
be reached only by ladder. The Crow's Nest consists of one room with
partitions and dividers that create three cubicles with one bed each,
and one cubicle with two beds. There is also a full bathroom with an
additional sink. The sitting area has a game table, sofa and chairs,
telephone and television. Placed throughout the Crow's Nest are books on
golf, and lining the walls are photos and sketches depicting past
Masters and other golf scenes. To get to the Crow's Nest, golfers must
climb a narrow set of steps.
Eisenhower Cabin: One
of ten cabins on the Augusta National property, it was built by the
club's membership for member Dwight D. Eisenhower after his election as
President of the United States. The cabin was built according to Secret
Service security guidelines, and is adorned by an eagle located above
the front porch.
Founders Circle:
A memorial located in front of the course's clubhouse, at the end of
Magnolia Lane. Plaques at Founders Circle honor Bobby Jones and Clifford
Roberts.
Hogan Bridge:
A bridge over Rae's Creek that connects the fairway of hole 12 to its
green. It is constructed of stone and covered with artificial turf. The
bridge was dedicated to Ben Hogan in 1958 to commemorate his 72-hole
score of 274 strokes five years earlier, the course record at the time.
Magnolia Lane:
The main driveway leading from Washington Road to the course's
clubhouse. The lane is flanked on either side by 61 magnolia trees, each
grown from seeds planted by the Berckman family in the 1850s. Magnolia
Lane is 330 yards long and was paved in 1947.
Nelson Bridge:
A stonework bridge over Rae's Creek that connects the teeing ground of
hole 13 to its fairway. In 1958, it was dedicated to Byron Nelson to
honor his performance in the 1937 Masters.
Par Three Fountain:
The Par 3 Fountain is next to the No. 1 tee on the Par 3 course. The
fountain has a list of Par 3 contest winners, starting with Sam Snead's
win in 1960.
Record Fountain:
The Record Fountain was built to commemorate the 25th anniversary of
The Masters. Located left of the No. 17 tee, it displays course records
and Masters Tournament champions.
Sarazen Bridge:
A bridge over the pond on hole 15 that separates the fairway from the
green. Made of stone, it was named for Gene Sarazen for a memorable
double eagle in the 1935 Masters Tournament that propelled him to
victory.
The Green Jacket:
Every member of Augusta National receives a green sports coat with the
club's logo on the left breast. The idea of the green jacket originated
with club co-founder Clifford Roberts, who wanted patrons visiting
during the tournament to be able to readily identify members who could
provide information. The winner of each year's Masters Tournament
receives a green jacket and can play in every subsequent tournament. The
jacket is presented to the new winner by the winner of the previous
tournament. If the previous champion is unavailable to defend his title,
then the current chairman acts as the presenter. The current Masters
champion has stewardship of the green jacket for a year; afterwards it
is returned to the club.
The Caddies:
Augusta National remains one of the few golf clubs with a staff of
caddies ready to assist members, guests and professionals. In the
previous PGA Master's Tournaments, staff caddies were assigned to
professional players. Not until Jack Nicklaus insisted on having his
personal caddy complete competition play alongside him was the protocol
changed. Although Augusta's caddy staff continue to wear trademark white
jumpsuits year-round, the garb is not a PGA mandate.
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